Application and Analysis of GIS Technology in Geological Hazard Assessment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62517/jes.202502310

Author(s)

Wanwan Zhao, Qiyue Feng

Affiliation(s)

Shanxi Institute of Geological Survey Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

Abstract

This paper systematically examines the theoretical significance, technical methodologies and practical applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in geological hazard assessment, with particular emphasis on their role in evaluating typical hazards such as landslides, earthquakes and debris flows. Through spatial data collection, modelling, and analysis, GIS integrates multi-source data including remote sensing imagery, geological surveys, and sensor monitoring to construct hazard susceptibility zoning and risk prediction models, significantly enhancing evaluation precision and operational feasibility. Research indicates that GIS techniques—spatial overlay analysis, proximity analysis, and three-dimensional visualisation—effectively reveal spatial distribution patterns and evolutionary processes of disasters, providing scientific foundations for disaster prevention and mitigation. Nevertheless, GIS applications continue to face challenges including inconsistent data quality, conflicts between model complexity and computational efficiency, and insufficient real-time capabilities. Moving forward, through integration with artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing, GIS will demonstrate greater potential in dynamic early warning systems, intelligent modelling, and interdisciplinary collaboration, delivering precise and efficient solutions for geological hazard prevention and control.

Keywords

Geographic Information System (GIS); Geological Hazard Assessment; Hazard Susceptibility Zoning; Multi-Source Data Integration

References

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