Research on Multi-sensor Data Acquisition and Smart Home Actuator Control System Based on 51 Single-Chip Microcomputer

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62517/jes.202602403

Author(s)

Kunzhi Zhuang*

Affiliation(s)

College of Intelligent Manufacturing and Automotive Technology, Guangzhou Huashang Vocational College, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China *Corresponding Author

Abstract

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, smart homes have evolved from simple single-device control to multi-source perception and automated control. Currently, most systems utilize high-performance MCUs or servers for backend processing, which may not be suitable for control at edge devices where low cost and high reliability are required. This paper presents research on the development of a system based on the 51 microcontroller for data acquisition from multiple sensors and control of smart home actuators. The system integrates five types of environmental information: temperature, humidity, light intensity, human infrared, and smoke. It utilizes threshold comparison and linkage rules to control relay groups and stepper motors for switching and adjusting angles, and displays the current working status on a local liquid crystal display and a serial port host computer. This paper adopts a prototype development approach to build the software and hardware platforms, combines controlled experiments to verify acquisition accuracy, execution response time, and action correctness, and supplements with literature research to organize the control architecture and data processing strategies. This study provides a reference for low-cost intelligent control solutions in small and medium-sized living spaces or teaching experimental environments.

Keywords

Microcontroller; Sensor; Data Acquisition; Smart Home; Control System

References

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