Comprehensive Review on the Etiology and Early Detection Methods of Oral Cancer

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62517/jmhs.202405104

Author(s)

Chenglu Ruan, Qiongqiong Cai, Guanghua Lin, Jianying Xiong*

Affiliation(s)

Department of Stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China *Corresponding Author.

Abstract

Oral cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor with a multifaceted etiology, often detected at advanced stages, thus hindering treatment efficacy. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the etiology and early detection methods of oral cancer to enhance understanding of the disease's characteristics and recent research progress. Genetic factors, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices are pivotal in oral cancer pathogenesis. Mutations in genes like TP53, EGFR, and p16INK4a are pivotal, alongside environmental factors like tobacco and alcohol consumption, chronic inflammation, and HPV infection. Early detection is paramount for effective treatment, with emerging methods including serum, salivary, and tissue markers, and advanced imaging techniques such as oral endoscopy and CT scans. An in-depth comprehension of oral cancer pathogenesis and diverse early detection methods promises improved diagnosis rates, better treatment options and enhanced survival and quality of life for patients.

Keywords

Oral Cancer; Etiology; Early Detection Methods; Oral Medicine

References

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