A Narrative Review of the Research Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 for the Treatment of Solid Tumors

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62517/jmhs.202605105

Author(s)

Qinyu Liao

Affiliation(s)

Guangdong Country Garden School, Foshan, Guangdong, China *Corresponding author

Abstract

The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology offers a revolutionary method for addressing drug resistance and heterogeneity in solid tumors; however, its clinical use remains limited by inefficient in vivo delivery. This review systematically summarizes advances in this field, focusing on innovative strategies to overcome delivery bottlenecks. Firstly, the article outlines the mechanism of action of CRISPR system and development of novel tools like base editors and prime editors. Subsequently, it has a detailed comparison of the advantages, limitations, and latest applications of viral vectors, non-viral nanocarriers (including lipid nanoparticles, polymers, mesoporous silica, etc.), and physical delivery methods. Furthermore, the review integrates and analyzes the therapeutic exploration of CRISPR technology in six major types of solid tumors (non-small cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). It covers various strategies which demonstrate preclinical tumor-suppressive effects. Finally, the review discusses the major challenges currently faced, such as delivery efficiency, off-target effects, and tumor heterogeneity. Additionally, future directions of intelligent delivery systems, high-fidelity editing tools, and personalized combination therapies are prospected.

Keywords

CRISPR/Cas9; Solid Tumors; Gene Editing; Drug Delivery Systems; Nanocarriers; Preclinical Studies; Tumor Microenvironment

References

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