Recent Advances in Cancer Treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62517/jmhs.202605106

Author(s)

Xiaohan Wang

Affiliation(s)

China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

Abstract

This study reviews recent advances in the clinical use of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking agents for cancer therapy with a specific focus on their utilization in non-small cell lung carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. Traditional cancer therapies have inherent limitations, whereas these inhibitors exert antitumor effects through impeding the interplay between them, thereby restoring T-cell activity, with distinct mechanisms observed across different cancer types. The objective of this research is to optimize treatment regimens, analyze factors affecting therapeutic efficacy, explore the mechanisms of action, and identify optimal combination therapies, aiming to offer a reference for clinical practice

Keywords

PD-1/PD-L1; Immunotherapy

References

[1] Keir Mary E, Butte Manish J, Freeman Gordon J, et al. PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity [J]. Annu Rev Immunol, 2008, 26(4): 677-704. [2] Boussiotis VA. Molecular and biochemical aspects of the PD-1 checkpoint pathway [J]. N Engl J Med, 2016, 375(18): 1767-1778. [3] Hui EF, Cheung J, Zhu J, et al. T cell costimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for PD-1-mediated inhibition [J]. Science, 2017, 355(3): 1428-1433. [4] PANG K, SHI Z D, WEI L Y, et al. Research progress of therapeutic effects and drug resistance of immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade [J]. Drug Resistance Update, 2023, 66: 100907. [5] Wang Yuru, Jiang Jinghua, Pan Bin, et al. Clinical efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Journal of Xuzhou Medical University, 2022, 42 (4):235–240. [6] CHENG Y, FAN Y, ZHAO Y Q, et al. Tislelizumab plus platinum and etoposide versus placebo plus platinum and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage SCLC (RATIONALE-312): a multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3 clinical trial[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2024, 19(7): 1073-1085. [7] YU J, ZHOU C, WANG L, et al. P1.13A.08 Biomarker analysis of camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2024, 19(10): S209-S210. [8] Miller PL, Carson TL. Mechanisms and microbial influences on CTLA-4 and PD-1-based immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer: a narrative review[J]. Gut Pathog, 2020, 12: 43. [9] Ning Chengong, Sun Yanbo, Sun Feng. Research progress on combination immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer [J]. Journal of Tumour Metabolism and Nutrition (Electronic Edition), 2023, 10(2): 277-282. [10] Buchbinder EI, Desai A. CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways: similarities, differences, and implications of their inhibition[J]. Am J Clin Oncol, 2016, 39(1): 98-106. [11] Miller PL, Carson TL. Mechanisms and microbial influences on CTLA-4 and PD-1-based immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer: a narrative review[J]. Gut Pathog, 2020, 12: 43. [12] Kudo M. Durvalumab plus tremelimumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma [J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2022, 11(4): 592-596. [13] Zhang TQ, Geng ZJ, Zuo MX, et al. Camrelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) plus apatinib (a VEGFR-2 inhibitor) and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (TRIPLET): a phase II study[J]． Infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (TRIPLET): a phase II study[J]． Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, 8(1): 413. [14] Huang JZ, Cai MY, Huang WS, et al. Clinical efficacy analysis of transarterial chemoembolisation combined with lenvatinib and programmed death-1 inhibitor in unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma[J]． Chinese Journal of Radiology, 2022, 56(8): 879-885．[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiology, 2022, 56(8): 879-885. [15] Yang SR, Tai RS, Wang G, et al. Problems associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-immune-related adverse reactions irAEs [J]. Chinese Journal of Immunology, 2022, 38(16): 2026-2030, 2036. [J]. Chinese Journal of Immunology, 2022, 38(16): 2026-2030, 2036. [16] Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, et al. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumours to PD-1 blockade [J]. Science, 2017, 357(7): 409–413. [17] Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, et al. PD-1 blockade in tumours with mismatch-repair deficiency [J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 373(20): 1979. [18] Ott PA, Bang YJ, Berton-Rigaud D, et al. Safety and antitumour activity of pembrolizumab in advanced programmed death ligand 1-positive tive endometrial cancer: results from the KEYNOTE-028 study [J]. Obstetrical & Gynaecological Survey, 2018, 73(1): 26-27. [19] O'Malley DM, Bariani GM, Cassier PA, et al. Pembrolizumab in patients with microsatellite instability-high advanced endometrial cancer: results from the KEYNOTE-158 study [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2022, 40 (7): 752-761. [20] Guo XY, Wen T, Qu XJ. Research progress on adverse reactions associated with combination therapy using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors [J]. Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer, 2021, 24(7): 513-518.