X-Shaped Talent in the AI Era: Framework, Identification, Cultivation, and Application

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62517/jmsd.202512418

Author(s)

Wei He1, Anxun Bu1, Shuangshuang Chen2,*

Affiliation(s)

1DaRen Think Tank, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2Business School, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China *Corresponding Author

Abstract

This paper introduces the concept of X-shaped Talent as a new framework for understanding and cultivating innovation-oriented human capital in the AI era. X-shaped Talent is defined as individuals who simultaneously possess three interdependent capacities: Exploration (E), referring to the ability to venture into uncharted domains and embrace uncertainty; Expansion & Integration (O), the capacity to synthesize cross-disciplinary knowledge and build bridges across domains; and Focus (F), the discipline to channel creativity and integration toward strategically significant goals. Together, these three capacities form the E×O×F model, providing a comprehensive theoretical and practical lens for analyzing talent in complex innovation contexts. The study draws upon theories of organizational ambidexterity, innovation research, and growth mindset psychology to ground the framework conceptually. Empirical illustrations are provided through case studies of Huawei’s 5G R&D teams and Alibaba DAMO Academy’s AI scientists, demonstrating how X-shaped Talents operate within organizational ecosystems to produce breakthrough innovations. Pathways for cultivating and deploying such talents are also discussed, including training strategies, incentive mechanisms, and enabling cultural conditions. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical contributions, practical implications, limitations, and future research directions. By aligning exploration, integration, and focus at the individual level, X-shaped Talents embody the qualities most essential for navigating complexity and driving sustainable organizational competitiveness in the AI era.

Keywords

X-Shaped Talent; Exploration; Integration; Focus; AI Era; Human Capital

References

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